The rotating ringdisk electrode rrde was in troduced by frumkin and nekrasov 1 as a means of detecting intermediates of electrode reactions. The rotating ring disc electrode allows the testing of end products and intermediates of electrochemical reactions. The difference between a rotating ring disk electrode and a rotating disk electrode is the addition of a second working electrode in the form of a ring around the central disk of the first working electrode. Rrde bipot electrochemistry application note 7 biologic. Some of the many examples of hydrodynamic voltammetry include placing an electrode in a. Rrde experiments with potential scans at the ring and disk. Rrde3a is a constant rotation system for use in hydrodynamic modulation rotating ring disk electrochemistry. Pdf most of the past theoretical works with the rotating ring disk electrode rrde system have been restricted to situations where supporting. Rotating disk electrode voltammetry has shown to be a simple, fast, and inexpensive method for studying substrate kinetics at wildtype and mutant catecholamine transporters. Oxygen reduction reaction measurements on platinum.
The origin of the rotating ring disk electrode method goes back to 1959j when prumkln, levich et al. The rotating ringdisk electrochemistry of the copperii. Rotating ringdisk electrode and quantumchemical study of. Copper is arguably one of the most technologically relevant. Oxygen reduction reaction with the rotating ring disk electrode. Rotating diskelectrode aqueous electrolyte accelerated.
The electrical connector of the electrodes is ensued by a mercury current collector head that has a consistent contact resistance in the range of milliohms m. Pdf corrosion study of croxide ceramics using rotating. Supporting information for american chemical society. Oxygen reduction reaction measurements on platinum electrocatalysts utilizing rotating disk electrode technique i. Fundamentals of rotating disc and ringdisc electrode. The origin of the rotating ringdisk electrode method goes back to 1959j when prumkln, levich et al. Ibm corporation, 5600 cottle rd, san jose, ca 95193. Some types of rda are named according to their application such as rotating disk electrode apparatus, rotating ring disk electrode apparatus, and rotating disk reactor or spinning disk reactor. Impact of impurities, measurement protocols and applied corrections kazuma shinozaki,a,b,c. A typical application involves a rotating ringdisk electrode rrde, but these systems can also be used for other applications where dual channel measurements are essential, such as dual channel electrochemical detection. Generated by a rotating disk electrode qingbo dong, shriram santhanagopalan,a and ralph e. This system used in electrochemical studies when investigating reaction mechanisms related to redox chemistry and other. Both electrodes lie within one plane on the abutting face of a cylinder and are connected mechanically by a thin, electric isolating coat.
Theoretical concepts and application of a rotating disk electrode rde and rotating ring disk electrode concentrated summer course in electrochemistry, september, 2014 barilan university. Rrde3a is electronically controlled by a proportionalintegral closed loop circuit driven by a dc servomotor. Use of the rotating disk electrode with ring for studying. The electrode rotates during experiments inducing a flux of analyte to the electrode. The rotating disk electrode rde is designed to enhance the mass transport to the electrode through convection, thus decreasing the effect of diffusion. The concentration of dissolved mn was found to increase with increasing cycle numbers.
The rotating ringdisk electrode rrde has been used to study electrogenerated intermediates which react by different schemes 1. Rotating ring disk electrodes are used where products generated at the disk electrode are monitored at the ring electrode. Insitu measurement of interfacial ph using a rotating ringdisk electrode. In chapter 5, we presented rotating disk electrode rde technique in terms of both fundamentals and applications in catalyst evaluation for oxygen reduction reaction orr kinetics. Rotating disk electrode voltammetry is a very commonly used experimental method. To operate such an electrode, it is necessary to use a potentiostat, such as a bipotentiostat, capable of controlling a four electrode. In dimethoxyethane, these processes led to oneelectron ring oxidation of the c 6 f 5. The rotation rate is adjustable from 50 10,000 rpm revolutions per minute. Theoretical concepts and application of a rotating disk electrode rde and rotating.
A rotating disk electrode rde is a hydrodynamic working electrode used in a three electrode system. Rotating disc electrode an overview sciencedirect topics. May 12, 2016 rotating ring disk electrodes are used where products generated at the disk electrode are monitored at the ring electrode. The system allows a good controlling of the convection and diffusion. Theoretical concepts and application of a rotating disk electrode rde and rotating ring disk electrode concentrated summer course in electrochemistry. The rotating ringdisk electrode rrde was in troduced by frumkin and nekrasov. Overview of rotating disc electrode rde optical emission spectroscopy for inservice oil analysis 4 an important consideration when designing a spectrometer is the region of the spectrum where the wavelengths of interest occur.
The rotating ringdisk apparatus consisted of a dt29 glassy carbonglassy carbon ringdisk electrode, an asr2 analytical rotator, and an rde3 potentiostat all from pine instrument co. The autolab rrde uses 2 identical frictionless mercury contacts for low noise. The rotating disk and ring disk electrode techniques rde and rrde, respectively, were first developed experimentally and analyzed theoretically by the frumkinschool of electrochemistry, with seminal contributions by frumkin, levich, dogonadze and. Rotating disk electrode electrochemistry resources. Rotating ringdisk electrodes are used where products generated at the disk electrode are monitored at the ring electrode. Modulated speed rotator msr pine research instrumentation. The material adjacent to the electrode surface is teflon. A shaft is positioned in the housing such that the shaft is free to rotate around the longitudinal axis of the shaft and such that both ends of the shaft are located inside of the housing.
A rotating disk electrode cell has a housing with a reservoir configured to receive a sample for an electrochemical experiment. The rotating ringdisc electrode allows the testing of end products and intermediates of electrochemical reactions. Insitu measurement of interfacial ph using a rotating ring disk electrode. Corrosion study of croxide ceramics using rotating ring disk. Full text of fundamentals and applications of the rotating. The msr rotating electrode is the most popular rotating electrode configuration worldwide. The nonaqueous rotatingring disk electrode configuration used in this study was adopted from that reported by herranz et al. A bipotentiostat is required for these types of experiments. The rotation disk cathode electrode with ring anode has been used to study the products resulting from reduction of c 6 f 5 2 hg and phcc 2 hg in dimethoxyethane and acetonitrile.
A 7 mm diameter electrode with short stainless steel shaft provides for a miniature and concentric circle electrode system that is capable for highly accurate rotation and modulation even at radial modulation rates or wave forms. Rotating ring disk electrode fundamentals pine research. In order to further understand the orr mechanism, another commonly used technique called rotating ringdisk electrode rrde method has been demonstrated to be a powerful. In this chapter, the importance of rotating ring disk electrode rrde fundamentals and practical usage in an oxygen reduction reaction orr study is emphasized in terms of both the electrontransfer process on electrode surface, diffusionconvection kinetics near the electrode, and the orr mechanism, particularly the detection of intermediate such as peroxide. From fundamentals to applications for catalytic activity assessment of porous electrocatalysts.
This study examined the electrochemical ec reduction of monoiodoacetic acid miaa and iodoform chi3, which are typical iodinecontaining disinfection byproducts idbps. Solartron analytical energylab xm electrochemical impedance analyzer eis with potentiostat and frequency response analyzer focused on battery, supercapacitor, and fuel cell research. In this application note, a rotating ring disk electrode rrde set up is used to study the orr. The rotation sweeps fluid near the disk surface outwards in the radial direction. A rotating ring disc electrode rrde is a double working electrode used in hydrodynamic voltammetry, very similar to a rotating disk electrode rde.
Energylab xm potentiostat fra solartron analytical. This system used in electrochemical studies when investigating reaction mechanisms related to redox chemistry and other chemical phenomena. Experiments carried out using the method of a rotating ring disk electrode rrde with a gold working electrode showed that the reduction of chi3 and miaa is diffusioncontrolled. Calibration of the rotating ring disk electrode the collection efficiency of the rrde, n, was previously determined by using the redox couple fecn 6 4 fecn 6 3 as well defined oneelectron transfer process. The model 700 series are computerized general purpose potentiostat bipotentiostat galvanostat instruments. The rotating disc and ringdisc electrode drive of the jaissle company is dimensioned for continuous speeds up to 4000 rpm temporary up to 6000 rpm.
It is an ideal reference for undergraduate and graduate students, scientists, and engineers who work in the areas of energy, electrochemistry science and technology, fuel cells. Rotating disk electroderotating ringdisk electrode. The nonaqueous rotating ring disk electrode configuration used in this study was adopted from that reported by herranz et al. A comparison of numerical solutions for the fluid motion. Rotating ringdisk electrode method for the detection of solution. The theory for the hydrodynamics at the rde 4042 assumes that the electrode is uniformly accessible and affords a precise and reproducible. The autolab rrde uses 2 identical frictionless mercury contacts for low noise measurements and can. A typical application involves a rotating ring disk electrode rrde, but these systems can also be used for other applications where dual channel measurements are essential, such as dual channel electrochemical detection. It consists of a central disc electrode and a concentric ring electrode. The end of a cylinder, comprised of an electrode embedded in an inert material is placed in solution and rotated about the axis r 0 as shown in fig.
Investigation of intermediates in the electrodeposition of. This flexible design may be used with rotating disk electrodes rde, rotating ring disk electrodes rrde, and rotating cylinder electrodes rce. The goal of this research was to measure mn dissolution from a thin porous spinel limnsub 2osub 4 electrode by rotating ringdisk collection experiments. The concentration of dissolved mn was found to increase with. This book provides the latest information and methodologies of rotating disk electrode and rotating ringdisk electrode rderrde and oxygen reduction reaction orr. Rotating disk rde pine research instrumentation store. White,z department of chemical engineering, university of south carolina, columbia, south carolina 29208, usa the velocity and pressure pro. With all parameters held constant in this equation, rdev can be used for the purpose.
An intermediate, b, is generated at the disk electrode by the reaction a ne b 1 and b is detected at the ring electrode by applying a. The autolab rrde is a lownoise rotating ring disk electrode that can be used to perform electrochemical measurements under controlled hydrodynamic conditions. A rotating ringdisc electrode rrde is a double working electrode used in hydrodynamic voltammetry, very similar to a rotating disk electrode rde. Rotating diskelectrode aqueous electrolyte accelerated stress tests for pgm electrocatalystsupport durability evaluation doe durability working group 1042011. Previous work performed on rotating disk electrode niu and cheng, 2008 demonstrated that, in the absence of sands, an accelerated fluid flow could enhance diffusion of oxygen towards the electrode surface, resulting in the al alloy oxidation.
Rotating disk apparatus applications rotating disk apparatus rda is widely used in different industries and has many applications. The applications of the rrde are numerous in the fields of electrochemical analysis, especially in reaction mechanism studies. The rotating ring disk electrode was developed by frumkin and nekrasov in 1959. Insitu measurement of interfacial ph using a rotating. Feb 15, 2007 the rotating ring disk apparatus consisted of a dt29 glassy carbonglassy carbon ring disk electrode, an asr2 analytical rotator, and an rde3 potentiostat all from pine instrument co. The amount of mn dissolution from the spinel limnsub 2osub 4 electrode under various conditions was detected by potential step chronoamperometry. Insitu measurement of interfacial ph using a rotating ring. Structural characterisation powder xray diffraction xrd was measured on polycrystalline pt5ca, pt5la, pt5ce, pt5sm, pt5gd, pt5tb, pt5dy and pt5tm, using rotating sample holders, a copper. The goal of this research was to measure mn dissolution from a thin porous spinel limnsub 2osub 4 electrode by rotating ring disk collection experiments. Model description rde0001 disk electrode assembly includes 430 ss disk rde0002 disk installation tool quick change cylinder electrodes.
The electrode is rotated about its vertical axis figure 11. Rotating disk electrode voltammetry applied to the. A short stainless steel shaft and 12 mm diameter electrode provide a concentric circle electrode system that is capable of high accuracy. Many elements emit light in the visible region of the spectrum. These working electrodes are used in electrochemical studies when investigating reaction mechanisms related to redox chemistry, among other chemical phenomena. Fundamentals of rotating disc and ring disc electrode techniques and their applications to study of the oxygen reduction mechanism at ptc electrode for fuel cells sung. Theoretical concepts and application of a rotating disk. The rotating ring disk apparatus consisted of a dt29 glassy carbonglassy carbon ring disk electrode, an asr2 analytical rotator, and an rde3 potentiostat all from pine instrument co. The controller has a liquid crystal display lcd which indicates the rotation rate and is controlled by a rotation rate knob.
Past papers in this series 24 have discussed the use of digital simula tion techniques to treat the currents at the disk and the ring of the rrde and discussed methods for. Rotating ring disk electrode rrde measurements autolab application note ec11 investigation of intermediates in the electrodeposition of copper using the autolab rrde keywords plating, copper deposition, chloride, rotating ring disc electrode. Request pdf rotating disk electrode rotating ring disk electrode generally, electrochemical techniques involve the application of potential current to an electrode and the measurement of the. The theory for the hydrodynamics at the rde 4042 assumes that the electrode is uniformly accessible and affords a precise and reproducible control of. The rde710 rotating electrode is a researchgrade rotator and features the ability to use rotating ringdisk, disk and, cylinder electrodes. However, in the presence of sands, the sand impingementresulting damage to the electrode dominates. Oxygen reduction reaction measurements on platinum electrocatalysts utilizing rotating disk electrode technique ii. Pdf on jan 1, 2019, filippo fenini and others published corrosion study of croxide ceramics using rotating ring disk electrode find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The ring and disk electrode assembly provides the means to detect reaction intermediates in situ through collection experiments.
The novel method of dual dynamic voltammetry, applied to ti diskpt ring rotating ringdisk electrodes, is utilized for the simultaneous detection of different dissolution products. This flexible design may be used with rotating disk electrodes rde, rotating ringdisk electrodes rrde, and rotating cylinder electrodes rce. Rotating disk electrode voltammetry applied to the kinetics. These working electrodes are used in electrochemical. The rotating ring disk electrode rrde has been used to study electrogenerated intermediates which react by different schemes 1.